High Flow Nasal Cannula Putative beneficial mechanisms of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy. EELV, end-expiratory lung volume; FiO2, inspiratory oxygen fraction; Temp., temperature. • Nasopharyngeal CO2 washout • Decreased anatomical dead space • Maintenance of mucociliary function • Positive airway pressure • Increased airway calibres • Decreased hydrostatic capillary-alveolar gradient #hfnc #highflownasalcannula #pathophysiology #mechanisms #criticalcare #management #pulmonary