Delayed Fracture Healing - Non-Union - Malunion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Inflammation (Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus (Days-Weeks) -> Hard Callus (Weeks-Months) -> Remodeling (Years) Delayed Union (3 - 6 months) • Tobacco / nicotine • NSAIDS • Ca2 / Vitamin D deficiency Hypertrophic Non-Union (adequate blood flow) • Mechanical failure) • Excessive motion • Excessive bone gap Atrophic Non-Union (inadequate blood flow) • Tobacco / nicotine • NSAIDS • Medications • Allergies • Biologic Failure Functional Malunion • Small deviations from normal axis Non Functional Malunion • Inadequate immobilization / reduction • Misalignment before casting • Premature cast removal #Delayed #Fracture #Healing #NonUnion #Malunion #MSK #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Orthopedics #Causes
