Ankylosing Spondylitis: Extra-articular Manifestations • Ocular - Inflammation of the iris, the anterior part of the eye's middle layer (uvea) -> Anterior • Uveitis - Decr visual acuity, eye pain, lacrimation and photophobia • GI - Inflammatory ulceration of ileum and colon may be seen on endoscopy (Not Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBO), but IBD is more common in AS patients) -> Usually asymptomatic • Cardiac - Inflammation of connective tissue in large vessels and heart valves -> Aortitis, Aortic regurgitation, conduction abnormalities • Renal - Inflammation acute phase reactant production (including serum amyloid proteins) -> Deposition of amyloid proteins in glomeruli -> Secondary Amyloidosis • Neurological - Ligamentous inflammation and fibrosis -> Compression of sacral nerve roots innervating the bladder and rectum -> Bladder and bowel incontinence • Respiratory (rare) - Inflammation in the lung interstitial tissue -> As inflammation resolves, fibrotic tissue replaces the lung interstitium -> Apical lung fibrosis #AnkylosingSpondylitis #Extraarticular #Manifestations #Complications #pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
