Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of fear • Activation of PAG -> Behavioural response of fight or flight • Activation of hypothalamus -> Incr Cortisol -> CAD, T2DM, Stroke • Activation of PBN -> Incr RR, SOB, Asthma. or sense of being smothered • Incr Sympathetic Activity -> Incr BP, Incr HR variability, tremor and diaphoresis, Incr atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, MI, or sudden death #Benzodiazepine #BZD #withdrawal #pharmacology #pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
