Pediatric Parasomnias and Nightmares: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Parasomnias - Micro-arousal episodes during SWS -> Intense activation of autonomic nervous system, Persisting sleep during episode -> Inhibition of full arousal systems -> • Variable amnesia for the event • Partial arousal but no complete awakening • Speech • Flushed skin • Body movement • Loud cry for help • Fearful facial expression Nightmares - Frightening/unpleasant dreams during REMS -> Intensely disturbing dream mentation, Moderate activation of autonomic nervous system -> • Fear/anxiety and other dysphoric emotions upon awakening • Awakening from sleep • Immediate memory upon awakening #Parasomnias #Nightmares #Pediatrics #Peds #pathophysiology #symptoms #pharmacology #diagnosis
