Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings - Must have >4 symptoms for >6 months, exhibited during interactions with at least one individual who is not a sibling - Symptoms must interfere with functioning or development, and be inappropriate for developmental level - ODD is considered mild if present in only 1 setting, moderate if present in 2 settings, and severe if present in >3 settings - ODD affects 5-10% of school-aged children, and is more common in males than females (1.4:1) - Males are more likely to have defiant, argumentative and vindictive symptoms, and are therefore more likely to progress to conduct disorder - Females are more likely to have angry/irritable mood symptoms and, consequentially, are more likely to develop mood and anxiety disorders Argumentative/Defiant Behavior • Often deliberately annoys others • Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures or with rules • Often argues with authority figures or, for children and adolescents, with adults • Often blames others for their mistakes or misbehaviors Angry/lrritable Mood • Often touchy or easily annoyed • Often loses temper • Often angry and resentful Vindictiveness • Has been spiteful or vindictive twice within the past 6 months #OppositionalDefiant #ODD #BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms #signs #psychiatry #criteria
