Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings - For diagnosis, must have either 26 symptoms of Hyperactivity-Impulsivity or >6 symptoms of Inattention (relaxed to 25 for new diagnosis at > 17 years old), for >6 months, presenting in >2 settings - Symptoms must have presented before 12 years of age, interfere with functioning or development, and be inappropriate for developmental level - ADHD affects 4-12% of school-aged children, and is more common in males than females (4:1) - Males are more likely to present with hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD, while females are more likely to present with inattentive ADHD Hyperactivity • Talks excessively • Fidgety or restless • Acts as if "driven by a motor" • Difficulty playing quietly • Leaves seat when expected to remain seated • Runs or climbs excessively in inappropriate situations Impulsivity • Blurts out answers before a question has been completed • Difficulty awaiting their turn • Causes frequent interruptions or intrusions Inattentiveness • Difficulty sustaining attention during tasks • Easily distracted by unrelated stimuli or thoughts • Fails to pay close attention to detail • Difficulty organizing tasks or activities • Appears not to listen when spoken to directly • Fails to follow through on instructions or finish assigned work • Avoids or dislikes activities that require sustained mental effort • Experiences frequent forgetfulness in daily activities • Frequently loses things required for tasks and activities #AttentionDeficitHyperactiveDisorder #ADHD #BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms #signs #psychiatry #criteria
