Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings Grading Ligament Sprains l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness, no laxity. II: Incomplete tear of the ligament substance leading to detectable joint laxity. Moderate pain, swelling and tenderness. Ill: Complete tear of the ligament substance leading to gross laxity. Severe pain, swelling, tenderness and ecchymosis. Notes: • The ATFL is the most commonly injured ligament in ankle sprains. With stronger forces the CFL is also injured (uncommonly injured on its own) • PTFL is rarely injured • Osteophytes, loose bodies and subchondral sclerosis #LowAnkleSprain #Sports #MSK #orthopedics #Grading #Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
