Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia (in the setting of long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism) (e.g. Renal Failure, Post-Renal Transplant) Familial Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia • Autosomal Dominant Calcium Receptor Mutation (CaSR) • Other Familial Hypercalcemias (e.g. MEN) Drug Side Effects • Thiazide Diuretics • Lithium • Vitamin A/lsotretinoin Malignancy • PTH-Related Peptide (e.g. Breast, Kidney, Lung) • Cytokine-Mediated Bone Resorption (e.g. Multiple Myeloma, Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone Disease Vitamin D Related • Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol Intake • Unregulated Conversion of 25-OH D3 to 1,25-(OH)2D3 (e.g. Granulomatous Disease, Lymphoma) Other • Excess Calcium Intake (e.g. Milk Alkali) • Immobilization • Adrenal Insufficiency • Thyrotoxicosis • Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology #HighCalcium
