Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High Urine Osmolality > 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic saline administration • Osmotic diuresis (see Polyuria scheme) e.g., mannitol, glucosuria Low Urine Osmolality < 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes Insipidus Hypodipsia - Decreased intake of water • Decreased level of consciousness • No access to water GI loss • Watery Diarrhea Insensible loss • Burns • ICU patients • Fever • Inadequate intake for exercise-related loss • Hyperventilation #Hypernatremia #Nephrology #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
