Causes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction / Small for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fetal Factors:
- TORCH Infections
- Chromosomal
- Multiple Gestation
- Abnormalities
• Trisomy 13, 18, 21
• Turner syndrome, 45X
Placental Factors:
- Placental Ischemia / Infarction
• Placenta previa
• Chronic insufficiency
- Placental Abruption
- Placental Malformations - Vasa previa
- Confined Placental Mosaicism (Rare)
Maternal Factors:
- Decreased Uteroplacental Flow
• Gestational hypertension / Pre-eclampsia
• Renal insufficiency
• Diabetes mellitus
• Autoimmune disorders
- Maternal Lifestyle
• Malnutrition
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Drugs
- Maternal Hypoxemia
• Pulmonary diseases
• Chronic anemia
• High altitude
- Iatrogenic
• Folic acid antagonists
• Anticonvulsants
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