Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow, Venous congestion • Volume depletion • Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome) • Vascular occlusion (e.g. thromboembolism, renal artery stenosis) OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary calculi • Prostatic enlargement (benign or malignant) • Ureteral compression (e.g. retroperitoneal fibrosis, cervical cancer) • Urinary bladder tumors INTRINSINC RENAL Glomerulonephritides (GN) • Primary GNs: Disease process primarily related to kidney e.g. IgA nephropathy • Secondary GNs: Due to systemic disease or drugs e.g. Post-infectious GN, Lupus Acute Tubular Injury/Necrosis (ATN) • Prolonged hypotension • Drugs • Toxins Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) • Drugs (e.g. NSAlDs, antibiotics, PPI) • Toxins • Infection - Dr. Abhilash Koratala @NephroP #AKI #causes #Acute #KidneyInjury #Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
