Orthopedic Splints, Casts, Plasters, Traction and Frames
Upper Limb and Spine
• DUNLOP TRACTION: Used in transcondylar or supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children
• HEAD HALTER TRACTION: Used in cervical spine injury
• CRUSH FIELD TRACTION: Used in cervical spine injury
• HALO-PELVIS TRACTION: Used in scoliosis
• SCAPHOID CAST: Applied from below elbow proximal to knuckle distally and incorporating proximal phalanx of thumb. The wrist is held in dorsiflexion (glass holding position)
• BROAD ARMSLING AND FIGURE ‘8’ STRAPPING: Used in undisplaced and displaced clavicle fracture respectively.
Lower Limb and Pelvis:
• WELL LEG TRACTION: Used in correction of abduction deformity of hip. Traction is applied to the normal limb while deformed hip is stabilized by splint
• 90-90 TRACTION: Used in subtrochanteric fracture, compound fracture of femur with posterior wound and shaft femur of children
• PERKINS TRACTION: Used in femur shaft fracture in adult
• CALCANEAL TRACTION: Used in open fracture of ankle joint/leg
• BUCK’S TRACTION: Apply skin traction in femur shaft fracture, NOF fracture, acetabulum fracture after reduction of hip dislocation, to correct minor deformity of hip and knee
• BÖHLER BRAUN FRAME: Apparatus used for application of skeletal traction of lower limb. It may be used with transcondylar, tibial or calcaneal pins
• HAMILTON-RUSSELL TRACTION: Used in femur shaft fracture in adult, trochanteric fracture
• GALLOW’S/BRYANT’S TRACTION: Used in femur shaft fracture in children <2 yrs
• THOMAS SPLINT: (with and without sling) Temporary stabilisation of femoral shaft fracture
90-90 HIP SPIKA: Spika at 90º flexion at hip because in children proximal fragment flexes to 90º due to stronger pull by flexor muscle and ill-development of lumbar lordosis
• HAMMOCK TRACTION: Used in pelvis fracture with rotational instability e.g. open book, Malgaigne fracture (both pubic rami+ posterior SI complex/sacrum fracture), and bucket handle injury
• PELVIC BINDER: Used acutely in management of exsanguinating pelvic trauma, by applying large amount of compressive force to the pelvic ring to reduce the volume of the pelvis
Miscellaneous:
• BALKAN FRAME: A frame employed in the treatment of fractured bones of extremities that provides overhead weights and pulleys for suspension, traction, and continuous extension of the splinted fracture limb.
• ROBERT JONES DRESSING: A tape stirrup is applied to the foot before the bandage is started. Cotton roll is wrapped around a forelimb after the application of the tape stirrup. Elastic gauze is then applied firmly bind the cotton to the leg. Elastic tape is then use to complete the dressing.
• POP CAST & SLAB: Active ingredient of Plaster of Paris is Gypsum CaSO4-2H2O. Slab only covers a part of circumferential of a limb whereas a cast covers whole of the limb circumference.
• MILWAUKEE BRACE: For dorsal scoliosis
• BOSTON BRACE: For lumbar scoliosis
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