Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Red blood cell casts ... Serum albumin - Low ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 β€’ High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 β€’ High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: β€’ High Al, Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... #causes #nephrology
A toxidrome is a syndrome (set of symptoms) caused by specific medications or toxins.

There are 5
toxidrome is a syndrome ... set of symptoms) caused ... Anticholinergic: low ... Toxicology #Toxidromes #Comparison ... #Table #Anticholinergics
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption β€’ Low ... #low
Thrombocytopenia and Pregnancy - TTP/HUS, HELLP Syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Three syndromes in
TTP/HUS, HELLP Syndrome ... Elevated Liver tests, Low ... child * Severe cases ... hematology #diagnosis #table ... #comparison