Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 β€’ Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... β€’ Kidney loss ... #Urinary #Chloride ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 β€’ Hypovolemia
 β€’ Congestion
 β€’ Medications
 β€’
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... Congestion β€’ Medications ... AKI: β€’ Urinary ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis - Impaired Excretion vs Redistribution

Impaired Urinary Excretion 
 - Renal failure
 -
Redistribution Impaired Urinary ... Excretion - Renal ... Rhabdomyolysis Medications ... deficiency - Acidosis ... #Diagnosis #Table
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Low #Potassium #Table
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Step 5 - Differential ... acetaminophen dosing ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... individuals or during ... broad - Advanced kidney ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... #Casts #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 β€’ Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... diuretics after renal ... > 20 meq/L β€’ Primary ... #Differential #
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 β€’ Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes of Kidney ... Calcium Oxalate: Primary ... Tubular Acidosis ... (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal ... #differential #