The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Menstrual Cycle Physiology: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis
Estrogen, when released:
 • Negatively feeds back on the hypothalamus and
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian ... hypothalamus and anterior pituitary ... MenstrualCycle #pathophysiology ... HypothalamicPituitary #endocrinology ... #feedback
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
sudden +++ positive feedback ... on the anterior pituitary ... negative to positive feedback ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #Ovulation #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
Feedback Loop: Prolactin ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology ... #pituitary
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Feedback Loop: Growth ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology ... #pituitary
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Neurochemical abnormalities
 • Hyper-vigilance
 • Emotional hyper-arousal
 • Exaggerated startle reflex
 • Anxiety
StressDisorder #PTSD #BehavioralDisorder ... #Pathophysiology ... symptoms #signs #psychiatry
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Brief Overview
LH and FSH are required for follicular development and
- FSH from pituitary ... - LH from pituitary ... LH release from pituitary ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #menstruation #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... Pituitary adenomas ... • For pituitary ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
• Negative feedback ... on hypothalamus/pituitary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
production by the pituitary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Follicular Phase Explained
Early Follicular Phase (Days 0-5)
 • Granulosa cells
production by pituitary ... back on anterior pituitary ... production by pituitary ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... FollicularPhase #endocrinology