The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Type I Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Production of lgE Antibodies that bind to harmless allergens
leading to an allergic ... Sensitization" to Allergen ... release the pro-inflammatory ... secretion • Inflammatory ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
mediated; exposure to allergen ... Allergic reaction ... Initial exposure to allergen ... cells or CTLs -> Inflammation ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
Inflammatory Cascade ... destruction), promote inflammation ... cell activity #Inflammatory ... #Cascade #Inflammation ... pathophysiology #immunology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs ... exposure to a likely allergen ... exposure to known allergen ... pathophysiology #immunology ... #diagnosis #signs
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Urgency Urinary Incontinence ... -> Overflow Incontinence ... (neurogenic), inflammation ... Pathophysiology #Signs
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
cytokines -> localized inflammatory ... scaling that extend inflammation ... -> Incr local inflammation ... follicles due to inflammation ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
mastoid air cells (inflammation ... mucosa leads to inflammation ... mastoid air cells (inflammation ... : Extension of inflammatory ... pathophysiology #signs
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
shoulder joint inflammation ... as post-inflammatory ... shoulder joint inflammation ... stop, but post-inflammatory ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Extra-articular Manifestations
 • Ocular - Inflammation of the iris, the anterior part of the
photophobia • GI - Inflammatory ... endoscopy (Not Inflammatory ... • Cardiac - Inflammation ... Bladder and bowel incontinence ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
FGF-related proteins) Inflammation ... granulocytes) -> Prostate Inflammation ... activation of inflammatory ... Urgency, nocturia, incontinence ... Pathophysiology #Urology #Signs