The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... #Diabetic #Retinopathy ... complications #pathophysiology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... > Inflammation causes ... #Immunization #peds ... #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... signs #stages #staging ... #msk
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
Fluoroquinolones - Causes ... #Orthopedics #msk ... #Staging #pathophysiology