The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Account created for The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease - Linking pathophysiology to clinical presentation - http://calgaryguide.ucalgary.ca/
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21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... a scrotum #21HydroxylaseDeficiency ... #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... bone formation MSK ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #complications