The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Fecal Incontinence - Pathogenesis and Complications
Continence mechanisms are impaired
 • Local neuronal damage
 • External and
Pathogenesis and Complications ... proctitis) • Chronic ... laxatives • Chronic ... Diabetes) • Altered ... Incontinence #geriatrics #pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... neuropathy => Diabetic ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications ... #Diabetes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... • Acute and chronic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Immunocompromised, Diabetes ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Gout: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 - Conditions of rapid cell turnover: hemolysis, psoriasis, lymphoproliferative disorders
 -
joint space -> Chronic ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology ... #Complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology