Dr. Michael Chew @mchew85
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GrepMed Gastroenterology-Hepatology Editor, Academic Hospitalist UC Davis Medical Center Internal Medicine, Yale Gastroenterology Fellow '22
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Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Causes of Severe ... hepatitis - Acute biliary ... Hemochromatosis - Primary biliary ... Severe #Acute #Causes
Gallstone Diseases
1. Asymptomatic Stones 75%
2. Biliary Pain 20%
3. Acute Cholecystitis 10%
4. Mirizzi's Syndrome < 0.1%
5. Cholangitis/
Biliary Pain 20% ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
Abnormal liver function ... initial response to abnormal ... *Abnormal USS may ... include extrahepatic biliary ... #LFTs #Abnormal
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
congenital - Primary biliary ... Hepatology #Cirrhosis #Causes
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Functional Dyspepsia - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Risk factors: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Psychological comorbidity, Helicobacter pylori infection,
Functional Dyspepsia ... a structurally normal ... Early satiety #Functional
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Delayed gastric emptying - Postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting
Hypersensitivity to gastric
Functional Dyspepsia ... Postprandial fullness, nausea ... hypersensitivity - Nausea ... hypersensitivity - Nausea ... Epigastric pain #Functional
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
for alternative causes ... Benign/malignant biliary ... obstruction, Primary biliary
Algorithm regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Hereditary Hemochromatosis HH. 

Step 1: In the patient with
<45% and SF is normal ... out additional causes ... evaluation for other causes ... If other causes
Cold Snare Polypectomy - Tips and Tricks
 - Before initiating cold snare polypectomy, it is important
In most cases, this ... anchored to the normal
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Management
A. Initiate therapy 
 - Initiate 1st line therapy with UDCA (13-15
Primary Biliary ... 1.5x ULN and/or abnormal ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary