Dr. Michael Chew @mchew85
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GrepMed Gastroenterology-Hepatology Editor, Academic Hospitalist UC Davis Medical Center Internal Medicine, Yale Gastroenterology Fellow '22
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Causes of Small Bowel Bleeding - Differential Diagnosis
Common Causes:
 • Under age 40 years: Inflammatory Bowel
Causes of Small ... Diagnosis Common Causes ... NSAID ulcers Rare Causes ... , Inherited syndromes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
EGD Nail Removal in the Duodenum
6y M, Hx of 2.5" carpenter's Nail ingestion 3hrs. Very sharp
EGD Nail Removal ... hold from sharp end ... not, trail sharp end ... Removal #Endoscopy #egd ... gastroenterology #retrieval #clinical
Gallstone Diseases
1. Asymptomatic Stones 75%
2. Biliary Pain 20%
3. Acute Cholecystitis 10%
4. Mirizzi's Syndrome < 0.1%
5. Cholangitis/
Mirizzi's Syndrome ... Fistula/Bouveret's Syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Brisk Gastric Bleeding on Upper Endoscopy
87 year old female. Acute bleeding in stomach.  Dieulafoy’s Lesion
Upper #Endoscopy #EGD ... gastroenterology #clinical
Gastrointestinal Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia
 • Mass lesions: Carcinoma, Large polyps
 • Inflammatory: Reflux esophagitis,
Gastrointestinal Causes ... rubber bleb nevus syndrome ... Deficiency #Anemia #Causes
Forrest Classification for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Rebleeding risks are without endoscopic intervention
1a - Spurting Bleed - 60-100%
gastroenterology #EGD ... #clinical
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
disease (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Hepatology #Cirrhosis #Causes
Trichuris dysentery syndrome on sigmoidoscopy (whipworms)

An 8y child was referred for sigmoidoscopy from a pediatric unit.
Trichuris dysentery syndrome ... polyp (mentioned cause ... Trichuris #dysentery #syndrome
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... and Sjögren's syndrome
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
evaluation of the clinical ... /or suspicious clinical ... the remainder, a clinical ... presence of metabolic syndrome ... elevation and clinical