11 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and signs of end-organ ... renal bruit or signs ... Stage 3 hypertension ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Neurologic disorders
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Presenting Features
 • History in favor of CAP: Dyspnea, Cough, particularly if
or 3 minor criteria ... met • Major criteria ... temp < 36° C), Hypotension ... Pneumonia #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... Serum cortisol < 3 ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Insulin + KCI. 3) ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... orthostasis: postural hypotension ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms and Signs
Hypothyroidism:
 - General - From asymptomatic to myxedema coma, “Like
and Signs Hypothyroidism ... Thinning of lateral 1/3 ... effusion • hypertension ... #Signs #Diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Modified dengue severity classification, PAHO/WHO
Dengue without warning signs - DNWS:
 • Person who lives or has
without warning signs ... the following criteria ... and no apparent focus ... Dengue with warning signs ... the following signs
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
tone → Postural hypotension ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... heat stress • Criteria ... , ARDS, DIC) 3.
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
disturbance, psychosis 3) ... 5) Secondary hypertension ... ACTH levels 3) ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology