21 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Serum cortisol < 3 ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
syndromes such as ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... 1000 mg daily 3- ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... fifth decades. 3. ... weeks to months. 3. ... Multiple sclerosis ... signs or symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... (3) primary lateral ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... more regions 3. ... #neurology #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Neurologic disorders
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... 21-OHD in the adrenal ... adrenal hyperplasia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... Insulin + KCI. 3) ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
patient has severe symptoms ... • Discuss with endocrinology ... — discuss with endocrinology ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Stage 2: Moderate/sclerotic ... nicking Stage 3: ... damaged BRB appears as ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... , Aspergillus 3. ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology