12 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... urine sediment by microscopy ... pain hematuria syndrome ... pain + gross or microscopic ... hematuria: - RBC casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
ANA (Antinuclear ... Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... • Sjögren syndrome ... Vasculitis: • Microscopic ... antibodies #diagnosis #rheumatology
Classification of Vasculitis 
Vasculitis of large vessels 
 - Arteritis temporalis (giant-cell arteritis) 
 - Takayasu
Classification of ... granulomatosis - microscopic ... drugs, malignomas, and ... dermatomyositis #Size #Classification ... Vessels #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Syndromes - OnePager ... polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... Syndromes (PRS) ... FINDINGS: • U/A: microscopic ... hematuria, RBC casts
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
renal abnormalities ... ): • Microscopic ... Dx: GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #classification
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... 20% Sjögren's syndrome ... vasculitis - GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... diagnosis #types #classification ... #rheumatology #
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
45 cases per 100,000 ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... abnormal under the microscope ... #diagnosis #hematology
Borrelia recurrentis on Peripheral Blood Smear
23M Somali refugee recently arrived w/severe abd pain, confusion and fever
resolved after 2-3d ... Northeast Africa with cases ... Several cases have ... Syndrome: 3d of ... recurrentis #BloodSmear #microscopy
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
renal abnormalities ... )): Microscopic ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology