10 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
in arterial oxygenation ... (Type 1) or anatomic ... shunt (Type 2) ... cycles after right atrial ... passage • Arterial
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Etiology: • Direct ... (LV thrombus, LAA ... venous origin of CE material ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
(1) Thickened ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... by the LAA appears ... (7) patient in atrial ... clinical #cardiology #a4c
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
Presence of pulmonary arterial ... thromboembolism) 1) ... Transthoracic echocardiogram ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... ventricular septum 2)
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
in Right Atrium ... 1. ... to right shunt 2. ... cardiology #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... identify left atrial ... test for DM Atrial ... Cardioversion 1. ... cardioversion 2.
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
What do you see ... 1. ... Early transit of bubbles ... as atrial septum ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) Windows
1. ME 5-Chamber view 
2. ME 4-Chamber view 
3. ME-Commissural view 
4. ME
Transesophageal Echocardiogram ... (TEE) Windows 1 ... ME Left Atrial Appendage ... #TEE #Windows # ... Views #diagnosis
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
risk Chest X-ray ... and undergoing AAA ... CARP, DECREASE V trials ... management for select ... stratification #diagnosis
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
: 1. ... Clinical suspicion 2. ... activation → IL-1 ... Testing: • EKG • Echocardiogram ... disproportionate atrial