12 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... Reye syndrome (Peds ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #peds
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... • Severe iron deficiency ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #causes #cardiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency ... nonimmune hemolysis MSK ... , or any other cause ... weeks #Scurvy #Pathophysiology ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Global mortality: 9- ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Features: • Many symptoms ... patients have no symptoms ... anterior/posterior MSK
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
immunodeficiency may appear 3-9 ... to produce all classes ... antibodies) -> Complete deficiency ... immunity Signs/Symptoms ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
• Female:Male 9: ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... bile ducts Differential
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... stage, lasts 2 - 9 ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... stages #staging #msk