13 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Hormonal Regulation ... Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid ... #Calcitonin #Calcitriol ... #PTH #Endocrinology ... Pathophysiology #Hormones
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Algorithm (PTH ... = parathyroid hormone ... hormone–related ... #Hypercalcemia # ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
, parathyroid hormone ... ; PTHrP, PTH-related ... #Pathophys #Diagnosis ... #Hypercalcemia ... Malignancy #Mechanism #Frequency
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... (PTH) Effect in ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... #Hormone #PTH # ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone.)

#Hypocalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypocalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH ... = parathyroid hormone ... #Hypocalcemia #Evaluation ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... hormone resistance ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hormone–independent ... hormone–related ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... hormone resistance ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... Assess for other hormonal ... Assess for non-hormonal ... #algorithm #endocrinology
Diagnostic algorithm for the workup of hypercalcemia. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with hypercalcemia rests
Diagnostic algorithm ... The diagnostic workup ... measurement of parathyroid ... hormone (PTH) to ... #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia