9 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Wall Elasticity (flail ... Edema, Atelectasis ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Failure - Differential ... : Interstitial lung ... edema (most common ... shunting (eg, atrial ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Heart Failure - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Diffuse Lung ... • Acute Respiratory ... Arterial Hypertension
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Differential Diagnosis ... blood cells in the lung ... of the spiral arteries ... edema can be caused ... #edema #causes
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Edema - Differential ... Causes include: ... Physical/Labs: • A ... Etiology: • Acute respiratory ... #edema #NCPE #differential
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
- Bilateral A-lines ... pleura in severe cases ... Edema: - Widespread ... severity Acute Respiratory ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... syndrome, intestinal bacterial ... M Methanol A ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... or restrictive lung
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... CT) • Broncho-arterial ... Immunoglobulins (Ig M, A, ... #differential #
Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Alkalosis
A. Central nervous system stimulation: Pain, Anxiety, psychosis, Fever, Cerebrovascular accident,
Differential Diagnosis ... Disorders Alkalosis A. ... edema, Aspiration ... receptors: Hemothorax, Flail ... #diagnosis #causes