10 results
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Approach to Acid ... Evaluation and Differential ... Anion Gap (AG). 2) ... Generally, for acid ... Disorders #Evaluation #workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Kidney loss ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 2. ... Differentials? ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... Cystinuria - Amino acid ... renal tubular acidosis ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... unloading • Kidney ... secretion • Acid-base ... cause metabolic acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Proximal RTA (type 2) ... 2. ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... (11-ß HSD type 2 ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... #Differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Neurologic disorders
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Hereditary defects ... Acidosis B. ... E-aminocaproic acid ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type l; defects ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential