16 results
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Opacities -> Vision loss ... • Vogt's Striae ... Sudden Vision Loss ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Vision Loss - Differential ... Hemorrhage, TIA, Stroke ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Differential Diagnosis for Vision Loss
Unilateral, Painful Vision Loss:
 • Corneal abrasion, Acute angle-closure glaucoma, Inflammation-iritis, uveitis,
Differential Diagnosis ... : • Stroke, Medication ... painful #painless #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Pulse Pressure = Stroke ... disorders: - Aortic ... regurgitation - Aortic ... Increased risk for stroke
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Dehydration - Loss ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... Muscle cramps, Loss
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential ... Constricted pupils less ... Organophosphates, Nicotine, Heat ... Stroke - Neuro ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Seesaw nystagmus 
-> eye move in an opposed vertical fashion (one goes up while the other
disease, brainstem stroke ... , head trauma, lack ... or loss of crossing ... Seesaw #nystagmus #ophthalmology ... #eye #ocular #PhysicalExam
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... Hypertension with normal heart ... closure glaucoma • Loss ... #headache #signs ... #differential #
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
• Secondary (less ... (i.e. after a stroke ... that caused hemiplegia ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Age less than 30 ... or papilledema, heart ... renal bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta ... #Differential #