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Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
Stage III - Alveolar ... edema This stage ... The following signs ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
logical sequence of signs ... chronic obstructive lung ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Stages ... #Findings #Signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... Kerley B lines, alveolar ... → no signs of CXR
Approach to ECGs - Ischemia
MI = Biomarkers + ECG or echo/angiogram findings
Pathologic Q - 1/3 height
= Biomarkers + ECG ... Equivalents / Don't Miss Signs ... deWinter T waves - starts ... #Ischemia #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
PHASE Ill - Alveolar ... the heart to the lung ... oscillations - Sign ... cardiac output state ... #Capnography #interpretation
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... disease b) CHF ... indicated • EKG ... Obtain EKG if: ... unless prior heart/lung
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of poor perfusion ... Signs of congestion ... with presence of pulmonary ... ECG is vital while ... #heartfailure #chf
Authors: Mark M. Ramzy, DO, EMT-P (@MarkRamzyDO, EM Resident Physician, Drexel University, Department of Emergency Medicine)
Patient states he ... Vital signs: BP ... defaulting to a normal interpretation ... #Radiology #CTChest ... #Lung #Pulmonary