5 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... throughout (upper urinary ... tract), terminal (bladder ... #EM #IM #Urology ... #Ddxof
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
UOP/weights - Urine ... /Cr - Renal/bladder ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Colovesical Fistula on Cystoscopy
A 72-year-old woman presented to the urology clinic with a 2-week history of
passing gas in her urine ... treatment for a urinary ... bacteria, and a urine ... confirmed the diagnosis ... Causes of colovesical