7 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Clenching of fist during ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Clenching of fist during ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #high #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Hypotension • AMS ... cause metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemic salt-losing ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #management #pathophysiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... pontine lesion • Roving ... Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS ... #PhysicalExam #neurology