90 results
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
optic neuropathy (AION ... loss caused by AION ... AnteriorIschemicOpticNeuropathy #AION
Treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1st Line Strategy - GC 0.7 mg/kg/day, except for:
 • Aortitis
- 1 mg/kg/day (AION
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap ... Cl- as counter-ion
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Low Anion Gap - ... mechanisms of a Low Anion ... to 2.5 for the anion ... gap) • Normal anion
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Algorithm • Elevated Anion ... H+) • Normal Anion
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Diagnostic Algorithm Anion ... late) Normal anion
Cat Mudpiles - Causes of high anion-gap metabolic acidosis

#CATMUDPILES #AnionGap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Mnemonic #Diagnosis #MUDPILECATS
Causes of high anion-gap
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated Anion Gap > 12
with Elevated Anion ... Algorithm Elevated Anion ... Need to correct anion ... add 2.5 to the anion ... production and anion
Hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia can mask an anion gap (particularly, low albumin states usually underestimate the anion
hypophosphatemia can mask an anion ... underestimate the anion ... estimate the normal anion ... the calculated anion
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
When to suspect AIN ... associated with AIN ... Interstitial #Nephritis #AIN