14 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... Uric Acid → renal salt ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... losses, Cerebral salt ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Always start with ... 3 questions to work ... in 100 mL boluses ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... insufficiency (GFR 20-50 ml ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
If indicated, start ... • Low tidal ... volume, low/no PEEP ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Intraoperative ... #Management #Workup
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis ... 4 ⓫ Take 5-10 ml ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Intraoperative ... #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
Increase fresh gas flow ... fluid boluses (250 ml ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Intraoperative ... #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup