12 results
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... atria, the size ... atrial thrombus ... atrial occlusion ... #management #cardiology
Right heart dysfunction and failure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and management 
Source:
mechanisms and management ... atrium; LV, left ... diameter; RA, right atrium ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CongestiveHeartFailure #RVFailure #Criteria
Typical ECG changes in acute pericarditis includes: stage 1 - diffuse, positive, ST elevations with reciprocal
leads especially left ... leads indicates atrial ... injury. stage 2 ... indefinitely inverted #Diagnosis ... #EM #IM #Cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... or PFO with left ... to right shunt 2. ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... #cardiology #clinical
Lead AVR on ECG
1. Acute myocardial infarction: ST elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR, indicative of
indicative of left ... failure, and death. 2. ... Subepicardial atrial ... : AVNRT, AVRT, atrial ... #differential #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
atrium on Echocardiogram ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology ... #pocus
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
and Management ... anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... Microbubbles appear in left ... cycles after right atrial ... Criteria: • Underlying
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
lung disease, left ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... ventricular septum 2) ... Diagnostic criteria ... #management #hepatology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... • Left sided > Right ... #management #cardiology