8 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
(RA), left ventricle ... (LV) and left atrium ... septum #Clinical #EM ... #Cardiology #POCUS ... #FourChamber #ALiEM
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Subxiphoid 4-chamber view showing right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left ventricle (LV) and left atrium
(RA), left ventricle ... (LV) and left atrium ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Subxiphoid ... PericardialEffusion #ALiEM
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... • Left sided > Right ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Parasternal Long Axis view with measurement. Note the right ventricle (RV), interventricular septum (S), left ventricle
ventricle (LV), left ... atrium (LA), anterior ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Parasternal ... LongAxis #PSLA #ALiEM
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
- Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... or PFO with left ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c #pocus
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology