Causes of mitral stenosis Rheumatic heart disease - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets with restricted mobility, thickened and shortened chordae Severe mitral annular calcification - Age-related changes, chronic kidney disease Congenital - Double orifice MV, parachute MV (caused by either one papillary muscle, two fused papillary muscles, or chordae attached to one head of a papillary muscle), congenitally thickened or dysplastic MV leaflets Secondary to systemic disease (may result in thickened and restricted leaflets/chordae) - SLE, MPS, Fabry's disease, carcinoid disease, endomyocardial fibrosis, Whipple's disease Infective endocarditis (vegetations)/tumor (left atrial myxoma)/ball valve thrombus - When large may obstruct MV orifice Radiation induced - Thick MV with stenosis may occur 10—20 years after radiation #mitral #stenosis #Causes #diagnosis #differential #cardiology
