10 results
ASD on Bubble Contrast Echocardiogram (a4c)
A patient with an anterior STEMI (take a look at the
ASD on Bubble Contrast ... undiagnosed ASD ... septal #defect #ASD ... #Bubble #Contrast ... #clinical #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
1. ... Small secundum ASD ... or PFO with left ... to right shunt 2. ... #cardiology #clinical
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Direct: Clot (LV ... Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... >LAP as atrial septum ... shifts left ... stretched PFO or ASD ... Echocardiogram #clinical
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
sinus rhythm... 1. ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Decompensated HF ... left atria, the ... Cardioversion 1. ... cardioversion 2. ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Echocardiogram (1) ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... spontaneous echo contrast ... (7) patient in atrial ... #cardiology #a4c
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
diffusion-perfusion defect (Type 1) ... anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... Clinical Presentation ... Microbubbles appear in left ... blood gas (ABC)
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
disease b) CHF ... dysfunction or LV ... Change in clinical ... CARP, DECREASE V trials ... stratification #diagnosis
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
Cardiomyopathy - Summary 1. ... other causes* 2. ... May have typical HF ... months before 1° ... Serial TTE and close