13 results
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... occur 10—20 years after ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Coronary Artery ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... #Coronary #Artery ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... Pathophysiology #causes #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... than 5 to 7 days after ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Miliary Pattern - Chest Radiology
 • Miliary opacities are scattered, small (1 -4 mm) nodules
 •
Pattern - Chest Radiology ... lungs • Named after ... pathogens - Viral ... Pattern #Chest #Radiology ... diagnosis #pulmonary #CXR
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... - Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c #pocus #bubble
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... wide-complex tachycardia: bundle ... Anticoagulation ≥4 weeks after ... Moderate or severe mitral ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
and Functional Mitral ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Bronchiectasis is defined as localized bronchial dilatation.
The diagnosis of bronchiectasis is usually based on a combination
represents an axial ... accompanying small artery ... infection, usually viral ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... Bronchiectasis #Differential
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
including: • Coronary artery ... Hypokalemia • Bundle ... capture of the atria ... arrhythmia • Atrial ... #cardiology