11 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... within 3–6 beats after ... right side of the heart ... #hepatology #clinical
Lead AVR on ECG
1. Acute myocardial infarction: ST elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR, indicative of
main coronary artery ... events in-hospital. heart ... failure, and death. 2. ... Subepicardial atrial ... : AVNRT, AVRT, atrial
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... #pocus #bubble
Summary of Heart Blocks
1st Degree Heart Block:
 • Prolonged PR >200ms (5 small squares).
 • Narrow
PR shorted after ... relationship (2: ... P and QRS • Atrial ... #electrocardiogram ... #ecg #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Coronary Artery ... Venous System/Right Heart ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... #Coronary #Artery ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Atrioventricular (AV) Blocks

First Degree AV Block - "If your R is far from your P than
- Mobitz Type 2 ... a Mobitz Type 2" ... independently of the atria ... heartblock #cardiology #ecg ... #electrocardiogram
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
including: • Coronary artery ... Hypokalemia • Bundle ... capture of the atria ... may not occur Differential ... arrhythmia • Atrial
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... appear in left heart ... right atrial passage ... gas (ABC) analysis ... management #treatment #hepatology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... than 5 to 7 days after
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... = PFO 2. ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... , and later (after ... clinical #pocus #a4c