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differential algorithm gitelman management pathophysiology syndrome acidosis alkalosis anticoagulation checklist chloride citrate framework hyperkalemia hypernatremia hypokalemia hypophosphatemia ischemic k nagma
How do you work up an ischemic CVA? A) Initial Evaluation • ABCs • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Normal or Low ... Fanconi syndrome, CA ... #phosphate #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia (HyperNa): - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia ... dysfunction or low ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... acidosis) • Low ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
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