16 results
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... nephron → - ↑ K+ ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Normal or Low ... Fanconi syndrome, CA ... #phosphate #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... failure (uremia) K ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... acidosis) • Low ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology