9 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... autosomal dominant kidney ... of echogenic kidneys ... #Workup #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Kidney Phosphate ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Fanconi syndrome, CA ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... unloading • Kidney ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... • Normal or low ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management