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differential hypokalemia syndrome algorithm alkalosis causes metabolic pathophysiology checklist chloride defects inherited ischemic kidney management stroke table tubule urinary urine
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman ... syndrome from Bartter ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Epithelial Cells ... acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
How do you work up an ischemic CVA? A) Initial Evaluation • ABCs • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... hemorrhage and other mimics ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... Refeeding syndrome • Bartter ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... syndrome (mimics ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
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