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alkalosis metabolic pathophysiology algorithm causes chloride clinical defects epithelial framework hypokalemia hypophosphatemia inherited kidney management one oneandahalf ophthalmology phosphate physicalexam
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Syndrome is a rare ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
transporter Bartter syndrome ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Liddle syndrome ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Diagnosis ECF ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... Entering VA was ... An APD was noted ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology
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 Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
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