15 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... renal mechanism 2) ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... history Step #2 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... in the distal tubule ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... - Vasopressin-2 ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... 2) No major-risk ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... #phosphate #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... (11-ß HSD type 2 ... indicates a renal tubule ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium