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differential management algorithm hypernatremia alkalosis metabolic pathophysiology treatment 1 3 causes checklist chloride defects di epithelial hypokalemia inherited insipidus ischemic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... renal mechanism 2) ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... history Step #2 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
How do you work up an ischemic CVA? A) Initial Evaluation • ABCs • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... 2) No major-risk ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... distal convoluted tubule ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... (11-ß HSD type 2 ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
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