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differential algorithm alkalosis hypokalemia metabolic pathophysiology causes chloride clinical defects epithelial half hypophosphatemia inherited kidney management one oneandahalf ophthalmology phosphate
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
syndrome from Bartter ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #syndrome #Bartter ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Syndrome is a rare ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... syndrome - Na-K ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework Rule ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... #Framework #Workup ... #phosphate #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... Entering VA was ... An APD was noted ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology
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